Working with monsters: counting the costs of workplace psychopaths and other toxic employees

We explore the role of ‘Workplace Monsters’ in the global burden of disease, including the $US1.15 trillion annual cost of depressive and anxiety disorders. We propose the productivity drain created by these individuals is a wicked problem, integrating several disciplines to position workplace monsters as significant corporate governance issues for organisations. Our discussion covers Monster prevalence, impacts on fellow workers and estimates of the costs incurred to business. We classify Monsters as ‘appreciating liabilities’ and call for future research to develop means of accounting for their inherent organisational costs in an effort to prompt action to address their destructive impacts.     

The impact of shareholders and creditors rights on IPO performance: An international study

This paper examines the impact of cross-country variation in shareholders' and debt holders' rights on post-IPO performance and survival of newly listed stocks across the globe. Using a sample of 10,490 initial public offerings (IPOs) in 40 countries between 2000 and 2013, we find that post-IPO performance and survival is better in countries with stronger shareholder protection, but the impact of creditor protection is negative i.e. stronger creditor protection leads to poor post-IPO performance and survival. This effect is driven by rules requiring creditors’ consent for company reorganization and the mandatory replacement of incumbent managers. Reputable IPO advisors exacerbate the positive impact of shareholder rights and the negative impact of creditor rights.     

Legal framework of private afforestation: The case of Turkey

In Turkey, 99.9 % of the forest land belongs to the state, and according to the Turkish Constitution, the ownership of the state forests cannot be transferred to private parties or other non-state organizations. However, some permits have been granted to use and benefit from the state forests without transferring the ownership. One such is the private afforestation permit. Private afforestation aims to increase forest lands and the growing stock, to re-establish the deteriorating balance between soil, water, and plants, to improve the environmental value, and to provide income to natural entities. This study aims to identify the legal and administrative regulation dimensions of the land use policy on private afforestation in Turkey and to compare them with other successful international afforestation policies.The second part of this paper is a case study on the impact of the legal changes over time in private afforestation in the sample area. Interviews were conducted with participants in the program using questions addressing the socio-economic and cultural benefits of private afforestation along with their afforestation practices and problems. The overall conclusion of this survey was that private afforestation practice had contributed to the income level of the participants. Further, to increase the participation in the program, more public awareness was necessary and incentives to participate must be increased.     

论《土地管理法》修改对集体土地征收行政诉讼案件的影响

研究目的：分析新修改的《土地管理法》对中国集体土地征收行政诉讼案件的影响，厘清相关案件的审判思路。研究方法：立法目的解释、实证研究和原理论证。研究结果：征地批准行为将随着公共利益的明确、征前程序的完善以及征地审批权限的下放逐渐具备可诉性；预征收公告行为不可诉，但是不公告行为如果对被征收人的权利义务产生影响则可诉；预征收过程中，与被征收人签订补偿安置协议的主体，原则上应当是县级以上人民政府及其工作部门，但在制度设计上可以考虑参照《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》的做法，对乡镇人民政府以相关单位进行授权和委托；预征收协议签订后，除补偿安置标准改变，一般不能因市场行情变化而申请变更协议内容；农民住宅的补偿应更多体现出财产属性。研究结论：此次修法使得集体土地征收从以行政权运作为主的模式演化为一种通过公共参与模式对集体土地进行开发利用的活动，拓宽了公私权力（利）交汇的领域，为相关领域司法审查预设了合理性。     

A supply-demand model of public sector size

We develop a supply-demand model for the public sector with a political equilibrium. The model considers the inefficiencies caused by taxes and includes costs associated with the provision of public goods to consumers. We show that the size of the public sector may depend on the median voter's income, population size, costs associated with paying tax, and quality of institutions, all of which reflect the costs of provisioning public goods. The estimates for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries are compatible with theoretical predictions; however, they do not confirm Wagner's law, which holds that the public sector share does not grow with an increase in income. A greater dependency ratio and the Gini coefficient increase demand for redistribution policies. Greater government effectiveness is a supply-side factor that increases the public sector's share in an economy.     

论流转语境下土地经营权的性质及内涵 ——以物债区分为视角

研究目的：确定土地经营权的权利性质及内涵，并以物债区分为视角对其流转关系进行研究。研究方法：规范分析法。研究结果：《民法典》在用益物权部分引入的土地经营权却呈现诸多债权化的法律特征，其根源在于立法者将其租赁关系一并纳入了物权法的规范视角，导致流转语境下的“土地经营权”并非严格意义上的一种权利类型，而是包含租赁权在内的集合性概念。研究结论：在承认流转语境下土地经营权包含租赁权的前提下，仍应坚持将狭义的土地经营权定性为用益物权，赋予农民专业合作社等入股企业用益物权人的法律地位。同时在法无明文规定时，坚持区分土地经营权的物权式流转和债权式流转，按照“物权优先于债权”的基本法理处理土地经营权之多重流转关系。     

美国贸易法301条款的修订及其启示

美国贸易法301条款是一项可以单方启动调查并认定他国法律、政策、行为违反协定或者不公平继而实施报复制裁的对外贸易措施,分为普通301条款、特别301条款与超级301条款。301条款最初简明规定了总统的权力和国会的否认权,但其后的修订对301条款的内容进行了扩展并使其更具体化。特别是301条款根据《2015年贸易便捷和贸易促进法》做出重大修改,涵盖了WTO体系尚未涵盖但最近已纳入自贸协定的新领域。然而,这些针对外国贸易活动的单方决定和措施附加等至今备受争议,且已对强调多边贸易争端解决的WTO体系构成严重威胁。美国贸易法301条款的修订主要围绕着美国贸易代表办公室(USTR)的措施、决定、对外国政府相关政策的监督、确认贸易自由化的优先顺序以及知识产权不适当保护的应对等内容进行。针对美国不断启动的301条款调查,我国应与美国积极开展沟通与协商,加强与美国产业界的接触和交流,发挥全球化程度高的企业的作用,力争以谈话和谈判化解矛盾;促进产业转型升级,重新审视“走出去”战略;履行加入WTO时的承诺,完善全方位的开放体制;合理拓展中国企业的海外利益,完善风险防范机制。     

Effects of subject pool culture and institutional environment on corruption: Experimental evidence from Albania

This research uses experimental methods to investigate whether subject pool culture and institutional environment have an effect on participants’ corrupt behavior in the laboratory. While we find that subject pool culture does not affect the overall magnitude of corruption of laboratory participants, it does affect the likelihood of corruption and its distribution. Additionally, we find that the effect on corrupt behavior differs with the framing of the experiment’s instructions. Interestingly, in the context of a weak rule of law and high levels of corruption, loaded negative instructions positively affect corrupt behavior of firms and public officials. Previous research in the context of a country exhibiting a strong rule of law and low levels of corruption finds no framing effects. We also find that increasing the probability of detection significantly reduces corruption as measured by the amount of the bribes offered/accepted and the probability of offering/accepting a bribe. Finally, we find that individual risk preferences negatively affect the level of corrupt behavior.     

马克思主义法人类学基本论域的多维解读

近代法人类学与同时代马克思主义思想在研究中存在着理论“交集”。马克思主义法人类学研究运用历史唯物主义的基本原理,深刻阐述基于历史唯物主义的法人类学理论观点,是马克思主义法学理论体系中的重要组成部分。马克思主义法人类学基本论域确立不仅对研究体系建构具有重大理论意义,同时也对中国特色社会主义法治建设具有重要现实意义。     

我国地方综合性旅游法规立法体例比较研究

近年来我国地方综合性旅游法规蓬勃发展，并在发展中凸现出一些新的趋势。本文以对地方综合性旅游法规立法体例的决定因素——旅游产业基本关系和旅游产业发展模式的考察为基础，芘较分析了现有地方综合性旅游法规之立法体例，得出若干基本结论，以资为我国旅游基本法的制定提供借鉴。